Table 2 Survey 1: types of consent acceptable for observational research both before and after reading background information
Type of observational research | Signed informed consent | Opt-out consent | Physician’s consent | Waived consent | Broad authorization consent | Some alternative method | No method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observational retrospective (e.g., chart review) | |||||||
No background | 26 (52%) | 19 (38%) | 17 (34%) | 15 (30%) | 22 (44%) | 41 (82%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 1 | 30 (60%) | 23 (46%) | 12 (24%) | 11 (22%) | 21 (42%) | 36 (72%) | 2 (4%) |
Background 2 | 24 (48%) | 20 (40%) | 13 (26%) | 14 (28%) | 18 (36%) | 45 (90%) | 0 (0%) |
Background 3 | 24 (48%) | 17 (34%) | 16 (32%) | 13 (26%) | 18 (36%) | 40 (80%) | 0 (0%) |
P value | p=0.59 | p=0.67 | 0.65 | 0.90 | 0.79 | 0.15 | 0.29 |
Observational prospective (e.g., chart review) | |||||||
No background | 26 (52%) | 18 (36%) | 16 (32%) | 14 (28%) | 21 (42%) | 41 (82%) | 0 (0%) |
Background 1 | 27 (54%) | 25 (50%) | 13 (26%) | 10 (20%) | 22 (44%) | 40 (80%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 2 | 21 (42%) | 21 (42%) | 16 (32%) | 13 (26%) | 18 (36%) | 41 (82%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 3 | 23 (46%) | 17 (34%) | 18 (36%) | 11 (22%) | 17 (34%) | 39 (78%) | 1 (2%) |
P value | 0.61 | 0.36 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.70 | 0.95 | 0.80 |
Observational prospective with no risk intervention (e.g., soothing music) | |||||||
No background | 19 (38%) | 27 (54%) | 12 (24%) | 13 (26%) | 17 (34%) | 44 (88%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 1 | 20 (40%) | 28 (56%) | 13 (26%) | 13 (26%) | 19 (38%) | 44 (88%) | 2 (4%) |
Background 2 | 18 (36%) | 25 (50%) | 16 (32%) | 8 (16%) | 18 (36%) | 44 (88%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 3 | 23 (46%) | 22 (44%) | 16 (32%) | 9 (18%) | 19 (38%) | 41 (82%) | 1 (2%) |
P value | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
Observational prospective with minimal risk intervention (e.g., measuring blood pressure) | |||||||
No background | 25 (50%) | 20 (40%) | 17 (34%) | 9 (18%) | 14 (28%) | 41 (82%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 1 | 23 (46%) | 21 (42%) | 13 (26%) | 9 (18%) | 21 (42%) | 40 (80%) | 2 (4%) |
Background 2 | 26 (52%) | 17 (34%) | 17 (34%) | 6 (12%) | 16 (32%) | 38 (76%) | 1 (2%) |
Background 3 | 25 (50%) | 18 (36%) | 15 (30%) | 6 (12%) | 16 (32%) | 37 (74%) | 1 (2%) |
P value | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.49 | 0.76 | 0.89 |