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Table 4 Summary of the published studies on pediatric long-stay patients

From: Long-stay pediatric patients in Japanese intensive care units: their significant presence and a newly developed, simple predictive score

Study

Author, year

Country

Study period

No. of ICUs

ICU characteristics

Study population

Exclusion criteria

1

Pollack et al., 1987 [3]

USA

1981–2, 1984–5

1

Multidisciplinary PICUs

647

NA

2

Marcin et al., 2001 [6]

USA

NA

32

General PICUs

11,165

NA

3

van der Heide et al., 2004 [10]

Netherlands

1992–1997

1

Multidisciplinary PICUs

34

Age < 1 year old, >18 years old

4

Naghib et al., 2010 [7]

Netherlands

2003–2005

1

Multidisciplinary PICUs

2607

None

5

Namachivayam et al., 2012 [8]

Australia

1989–2008

1

Tertiary PICUs

27,536

NA

6

Nupen et al., 2017 [17]

South Africa

NA

1

Multidisciplinary PICUs

1126

NA

7

Pollack et al., 2018 [5]

USA

2011–2013

8

General and cardiac PICUs

10,078

Age > 18 years old

8

Knaup et al., 2019

Japan

2013–2016

7

General PICUs and mixed adult-pediatric ICUs

4107

Age > 16 years old

Study

LSP definition

LSP number

LSP age

LOS of LSPs (days)

Bed occupancy by LSPs

Mortality (SSPs/LSPs)

1

> 13 days

7.1% (n = 46)

13 months*

35.8**

50.0%

7.3%/17.4%

2

> 12 days

4.7% (n = 460)

45.5 months*

28.3*

36.1%

4.4%/15.0%

3

≥ 30 days

NA (n = 19)

10.7 years**

37**

NA

NA/10.5%

4

≥ 28 days

4.4% (n = 116)

1 month**

56*

63.0%

4.6%/22.0%

5

≥ 28 days

1.0% (n = 269)

4.2 months*

40*

18.5%

NA

6

> 19 days

4.8% (n = 54)

4.0 months*

29.5*

30.4%

2.4%/29.6%

7

≥ 19 days

4.6%

NA

NA

37.6%

NA

8

> 14 days

8.0% (n = 330)

10 months*

21*

38.0%

1.3%/9.1%

  1. *Median
  2. **Mean
  3. ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, LSP(s) long-stay patient(s), NA not available, SSPs short-stay patients, USA the United States of America