Table 1 Characteristics of pediatric patients on admission in Japanese intensive care units
|  | All patients n = 4107 | SSPs n = 3777 | LSPs n = 330 | Sex- and age-adjusted OR of LSPs compared to SSPs (95% CI) | Sex- and age-adjusted regression coefficient (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (month), median (IQR) | 23.0 (7.0–71.0) | 24.0 (8.0–71.5) | 10.0 (3.0–53.3) |  |  | ||||||
Male [numbers (%)] | 2362 | (57.5%) | 2165 | (57.3%) | 197 | (59.7%) | Â | Â | |||
Emergency admission [numbers (%)] | 2277 | (55.4%) | 2042 | (54.1%) | 235 | (71.2%) | 2.38 | (1.83–3.08)* | 2.39 | (1.66–3.11)* | |
Reasons for admission [numbers (%)] | |||||||||||
 Post-operative | 1814 | (44.2%) | 1730 | (45.8%) | 84 | (25.5%) | 1 | (Reference) |  | (Reference) | |
 Post-CPR | 84 | (2.0%) | 59 | (1.6%) | 25 | (7.6%) | 9.29 | (5.51–15.65) | 7.53 | (5.00–10.07) | |
 Respiratory disorders | 833 | (20.3%) | 763 | (20.2%) | 70 | (21.2%) | 1.88 | (1.35–2.61) | 1.82 | (0.87–2.77) | |
 Circulatory disorders | 243 | (5.9%) | 193 | (5.1%) | 50 | (15.2%) | 5.23 | (3.57–7.67) | 4.12 | (2.57–5.67) | |
 Neurological disorders | 626 | (15.2%) | 578 | (15.3%) | 48 | (14.5%) | 1.80 | (1.25–2.61) | 1.86 | (0.80–2.91) | |
 Others | 507 | (12.3%) | 454 | (12.0%) | 53 | (16.1%) | 2.58 | (1.80–3.70) | 2.06 | (0.92–3.20) | |
Diagnosis at admission [numbers (%)] | |||||||||||
 CHD (all) | 523 | (12.7%) | 469 | (12.4%) | 54 | (16.4%) | 1.22 | (0.89–1.67)** | 1.75 | (0.66–2.84)** | |
  Post-operation | 470 | (11.4%) | 431 | (11.4%) | 39 | (11.8%) | 0.92 | (0.65–1.32)** | 1.26 | (0.12–2.40)** | |
  Non-post operation | 53 | (1.3%) | 38 | (1.0%) | 15 | (4.5%) | 3.92 | (2.12–7.25)** | 5.02 | (1.86–8.20)** | |
 Myocarditis/cardiomyopathy | 52 | (1.3%) | 34 | (0.9%) | 18 | (5.5%) | 6.16 | (3.43–11.08)** | 6.85 | (3.67–10.03)** | |
 Encephalitis/encephalopathy | 135 | (3.3%) | 110 | (2.9%) | 25 | (7.6%) | 2.84 | (1.81–4.47)** | 7.98 | (6.00–9.97)** | |
 Liver dysfunction (all) | 212 | (5.2%) | 155 | (4.1%) | 57 | (17.3%) | 4.72 | (3.39–6.56)** | 6.28 | (4.68–7.88)** | |
  Post-transplantation | 97 | (2.4%) | 72 | (1.9%) | 25 | (7.6%) | 4.07 | (2.54–6.53)** | 7.45 | (5.11–9.79)** | |
  Post-status of the other operation | 29 | (0.7%) | 29 | (0.8%) | 0 | (0%) | 1.00 |  | − 3.28 | (− 7.01 to 0.44)** | |
  Non post-operation | 77 | (1.9%) | 45 | (1.2%) | 32 | (9.7%) | 8.63 | (5.39–13.84)** | 8.98 | (6.36–11.59)** | |
 Upper airway obstruction | 198 | (4.8%) | 184 | (4.9%) | 14 | (4.2%) | 0.86 | (0.49–1.50)** | − 1.32 | (−2.98 to 0.35)** | |
 Lower airway obstruction | 236 | (5.7%) | 230 | (6.1%) | 6 | (1.8%) | 0.28 | (0.12–0.63)** | − 0.29 | (− 1.82 to 1.25)** | |
 Lung tissue disease | 241 | (5.9%) | 211 | (5.6%) | 30 | (9.1%) | 1.74 | (1.16–2.61)** | 1.89 | (0.38–3.41)** | |
 Disordered control of breathing | 48 | (1.2%) | 44 | (1.2%) | 4 | (1.2%) | 0.96 | (0.34–2.70)** | 0.01 | (− 3.31 to 3.33)** | |
 Trauma | 226 | (5.5%) | 218 | (5.8%) | 8 | (2.4%) | 0.45 | (0.22–0.92)** | − 1.91 | (− 3.49 to − 0.35)** | |
  Head injury | 132 | (3.2%) | 126 | (3.3%) | 6 | (1.8%) | 0.54 | (0.23–1.23)** | − 1.97 | (− 3.99 to 0.05)** | |
 Multiple injury | 25 | (0.6%) | 23 | (0.6%) | 2 | (0.6%) | 1.20 | (0.28–5.14)** | − 0.18 | (− 4.78 to 4.42)** | |
ISS, median (IQR) | 10 (4–17) | 10 (4–17) | 17 (10–40) | 1.04 | (1.01–1.07) | 0.19 | (0.16–0.22) | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Per 1.0 increase | Per 1.0 increase | |||||||
PIM2, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.3–3.0) | 0.9 (0.2–2.2) | 5.3 (2.1–19.5) | 1.04 | (1.04–1.05) | 0.17 | (0.13–0.21) | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Per 1.0 increase | Per 1.0 increase | |||||||
PCPC before admission | |||||||||||
 [Numbers (%)] | 1 | 2733 | (66.5%) | 2515 | (66.6%) | 218 | (66.1%) | 1 | (Reference) |  | (Reference) |
2 | 403 | (9.8%) | 367 | (9.7%) | 36 | (10.9%) | 1.17 | (0.81–1.70) | − 0.33 | (− 1.55 to 0.89) | |
3 | 423 | (10.3%) | 392 | (10.4%) | 31 | (9.4%) | 0.91 | (0.62–1.35) | − 0.4 | (− 1.59 to 0.80) | |
4 | 537 | (13.1%) | 494 | (13.1%) | 43 | (13.0%) | 1.12 | (0.79–1.59) | − 0.3 | (− 1.38 to 0.79) | |
5 | 11 | (0.3%) | 9 | (0.2%) | 2 | (0.6%) | 2.95 | (0.63–13.84) | 13.43 | (6.54–20.33) | |
Chromosomal abnormality | |||||||||||
 [Numbers (%)] | None |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Reference) |  | (Reference) |
21 trisomy | 157 | (3.8%) | 147 | (3.9%) | 10 | (3.0%) | 0.72 | (0.37–1.39) | − 0.67 | (− 2.55 to 1.20) | |
Others | 106 | (2.6%) | 92 | (2.4%) | 14 | (4.2%) | 1.77 | (0.99–3.15) | 1.00 | (− 1.27 to 3.26) | |