Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics and empirical antimicrobial therapy of the patients
Variable | Intervention group (n = 100) | Control group (n = 100) |
|---|---|---|
Presumed infection site | ||
Primary bloodstream infection | 38 (40.4%) | 43 (47.8%) |
Non-ventilator associated pneumonia | 20 (21.3%) | 18 (20.0%) |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 15 (16.0%) | 13 (14.4%) |
Skin and soft tissue | 6 (6.4%) | 2 (2.2%) |
Urinary tract infection | 6 (6.4%) | 3 (3.3%) |
Intra-abdominal infection | 1 (1.1%) | 5 (5.6%) |
Endocarditis | 2 (2.1%) | 2 (2.2%) |
Surgical site infection | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.2%) |
Pleural empyema | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) |
Other sites | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.1%) |
Unknown focus | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (1.1%) |
Severe sepsis or septic shock | 83 (88.3%) | 81 (90.0%) |
Renal replacement therapy during sepsis | 37 (37.0%) | 36 (36.0%) |
SOFA score, median (IQR) | 7 (4–10) | 8 (5–10) |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 154 (106–237) | 168 (104–248) |
Admission lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2 (1.55–2.66) | 2.2 (1.55–3) |
Antimicrobial exposure on time of blood collection, n (%) | 58 (58.0%) | 51 (51.0%) |
Previous multidrug resistance colonization, n (%) | 28 (28.0%) | 32 (32.0%) |
Empirical antimicrobial therapy | ||
Glycopeptides | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) |
Fluoroquinolones or 3rd-generation cephalosporins | 6 (6.4%) | 4 (4.4%) |
Piperacillin-tazobactan or cefepime or aminoglycosides | 24 (25.5%) | 25 (27.8%) |
Meropenem or polymyxin or tigecycline | 63 (67.0%) | 61 (67.8%) |
Empirical MRSA coverage (glycopeptides, linezolid, and daptomycin) | 93 (94.9%) | 95 (95%) |
Empirical Meropenem | 65 (65%) | 68 (68.7%) |
Antimicrobial regimen | ||
Monotherapy | 6 (6.2%) | 5 (5%) |
2 antibiotics | 70 (72.2%) | 71 (71.0%) |
3 antibiotics | 16 (16.5%) | 20 (20.0%) |
≥ 4 antibiotics | 5 (5.2%) | 4 (4.0%) |