Fig. 1

Expression of urokinase receptor (uPAR) by circulating immune cells. Immune cells were isolated from peripheral blood of 27 healthy volunteers (HC), 48 standard care patients with bacterial infections (SC) as well as 87 intensive care patients (ICU) and analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry. a Neutrophils were characterized as CD15⁺ cells, monocytes by expression of CD14⁺ and/or CD16⁺, B cells as CD19⁺, and T cells as CD3⁺ CD56⁻ cells. b The expression of uPAR (CD87) by immune cell subsets was assessed using multicolor flow cytometry. Representative histograms are shown, the white histogram shows isotype control staining. c Quantification of uPAR expression on immune cell subsets, based on % of positive cells by flow cytometry. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test (non-parametric) with Dunn’s multiple comparison test were done to compare groups. Significant differences are indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001