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Table 2 Carrier proteins and fractions of sphingosine 1-phosphate in patient groups

From: Loss of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in septic shock is predominantly caused by decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Variable

Control

Surgical trauma

Sepsis

Septic shock

P value*

Carrier proteins of sphingosine 1-phosphate

     

 HDL, mg/dL

60.0 (53.0–64.0)

32.0 (22.0–45.2)

31.0 (18.2–40.7)

16.0 (12.0–19.0)

< 0.01

 SA, g/L

41.0 (40.0–45.0)

21.0 (18.0–23.0)

21.0 (15.0–26.2)

17.0 (13.0–21.0)

ns

Fractions of sphingosine 1-phosphate

 Total plasma S1P, μg/L

208.1 (186.7–216.3)

209.7 (143.3–256.6)

180.2 (123.3–253.0)

99.5 (80.2–127.2)

< 0.01

 HDL-S1P, μg/L

percent of total, %

97.9 (83.5–111.6)

45.5 (44.1–47.4)

116.5 (82.3–155.4)

59.1 (49.6–64.4)

100.9 (71.2–137.7)

54.8 (48.4–64.9)

54.2 (42.8–86.7)

53.8 (44.0–62.7)

< 0.001

 SA-S1P, μg/L

percent of total, %

72.2 (61.3–75.9)

35.1 (32.4–35.6)

19.6 (7.6–31.4)

11.1 (4.5–13.6)

15.6 (8.1–33.6)

8.8 (5.2–15.7)

6.5 (3.5–13.6)

5.7 (4.6–12.1)

< 0.001

  1. HDL high-density lipoprotein, SA serum albumin, S1P sphingosine 1-phosphate, ns not significant. Data are presented as median (IQR). *P value for trend between all groups using a non-parametric ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test