Fig. 1
Agreement between diagnostic methods. a Comparisons 1, 2, and 3: initial assessment by attending physician vs. initial assessment by site investigator. Comparisons 4, 5, and 6: initial assessment by attending physician vs. discharge assessment by site investigators. Comparisons 7, 8, and 9: initial assessment by attending physician vs. external RPD. Agreement with the initial assessment by attending physician decreases (fixed-marginal kappa κfixed 0.64 ➔ 0.58 ➔ 0.53) as more diagnostic information becomes available, as physician training and experience increases, and as time pressure to make a diagnostic call decreases. b Comparisons 7, 8, and 9: initial assessment by attending physician vs. external RPD. Comparisons 10, 11, and 12: initial assessment by site investigator vs. external RPD. Comparisons 13, 14, and 15: consensus discharge assessment by site investigators vs. external RPD. The numerals and symbols in this figure have the following meanings: 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13: VENUS cohort (V; 129 subjects); 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14: VENUS supplemental cohort (Vs; 120 subjects); 3, 6, 9, 12, 15: VENUS + VENUS supplemental cohorts (V + Vs; 249 subjects); blue diamonds = overall agreement; green triangles = free-marginal kappa κfree; red squares = fixed-marginal kappa κfixed