Predictors and outcomes of early post-operative veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following infant cardiac surgery

Table 3 Univariate and multiple logistic regressions for having ECMO instituted in the first 48-h post-operative cardiac surgery

Variables	Univariate OR (95% CI)	p value	Multiple regression model 1^a OR (95% CI)	p value	Multiple regression model 2^a OR (95% CI)	p value
Highest vasoactive-inotrope score day 1	1.05 (1.03, 1.07)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)	< 0.001
Highest vasoactive-inotrope score > 30 day 1	13.44 (4.76, 33)	< 0.001			12.1 (4.25, 34.4)	< 0.001
Highest lactate day 1 (mmol/L)	1.30 (1.16, 1.46)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.06, 1.35)	0.003
Highest lactate day 1 > 6 mmol/L	4.76 (1.85, 12.5)	0.001			3.45 (1.34, 8.91)	0.010
Lowest base deficit day 1	0.80 (0.70, 0.90)	< 0.001	0.82 (0.71, 0.94)	0.004	0.80 (0.70, 0.91)	0.001
Single-ventricle anatomy	3.83 (1.50, 9.76)	0.005	5.35 (1.66, 17.31)	0.005	3.88 (1.35, 11.15)	0.012
Open sternum from operating-room	7.85 (1.81, 34.17)	0.006
Highest epinephrine dose day 1 (0.1 μg/kg/min)	13.44 (4.86, 37.15)	0.008
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (minutes)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.010	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.002	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.020
Highest creatinine day 1 (μmol/L)	1.03 (1.01, 1.05)	0.010
Post-operative dialysis	8.54 (1.66, 44.03)	0.010
Lowest pH day 1 (0.1 unit)	0.00 (0.00, 0.00)	0.010
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time (minutes)	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	0.010
Need to re-institute cardiopulmonary bypass	3.72 (1.30, 10.62)	0.014
Aortic cross-clamp time (minutes)	1.01 (1.00, 1.03)	0.100

Data are given as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI)
^aTwo multiple regressions are shown: with inotrope score and lactate as continuous measures (model 1) and with inotrope score and lactate as dichotomous measures (model 2). Dialysis is not used in multiple regressions, as too few patients had dialysis

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