Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients enrolled
Year | 2009 | 2016 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 14 | 14 | |
Age | 54 (43–60) | 52 (43–63) | 0.70 |
Sex (male/female) | 12/2 | 12/2 | > 0.99 |
Weight (kg) | 70 (64–80) | 67 (59–78) | 0.50 |
BMI | NA | 23 (22–27) | |
Body temperature (°C) | |||
On admission | 38.8 (37.1–39.1) | 37.5 (36.7–38.2) | 0.11 |
Maximum | 39.4 (38.7–39.8) | 38.2 (37.7–39.7) | 0.21 |
APACHE II score | 17 (12–25) | 20 (5–37) | 0.30 |
Predicted death rate (%) | 24.9 (14.6–54.1) | 38.0 (34.5–47.8) | 0.24 |
Maximum SOFA score | 16 (12–19) | 11 (9–13) | 0.030 |
Underlying condition | |||
Immunosuppression | 0 (0) | 3 (21) | 0.22 |
Drug abuse | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
Pregnancy | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
COPD | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 0.46 |
Chronic renal failure | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 0.46 |
Vaccination | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | > 0.99 |
Influenza antigen/PCR (A/B) | 14 / 0 | 14 / 0 | > 0.99 |
Complications | |||
Acute renal failure | 7 (50) | 9 (64) | 0.70 |
Acute hepatic failure | 4 (29) | 1 (7) | 0.32 |
Culture-confirmed infection | 5 (36) | 10 (71) | 0.13 |
Shock | 4 (29) | 5 (36) | > 0.99 |
Cardiac failure | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
Respiratory failure | 1 (7) | 2 (14) | > 0.99 |
Neurological impairment | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
Medical treatment | |||
Peramivir | 5 (36) | 14 (100) | 0.001 |
Oseltamivir | 6 (43) | 0 (0) | 0.021 |
Zanamivir | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | > 0.99 |
Laninamivir | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
Antibiotics | 13 (93) | 13 (93) | > 0.99 |
gamma-globulin | 5 (36) | 3 (21) | 0.68 |
Corticosteroid | |||
High-dose methylprednisolone | 9 (64) | 6 (43) | 0.45 |
Low dose | 7 (50) | 6 (43) | > 0.99 |
Sivelestat | 5 (36) | 1 (7) | 0.17 |
Vasoactive drugs | 13 (93) | 11 (79) | 0.24 |
Rescue and adjunctive therapies | |||
Prone | 3 (21) | 5 (36) | 0.68 |
Nitric oxide | 1 (7) | 2 (14) | > 0.99 |
CRRT | 7 (50) | 7 (50) | > 0.99 |
HFOV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
APRV | 13 (93) | 5 (36) | 0.006 |
NPPV | 3 (21) | 4 (29) | > 0.99 |
Respiratory impairment before starting ECMO | |||
PaO2/FIO2 before starting ventilation | 55 (46–65) | 80 (64–80) | 0.009 |
PaO2/FIO2 at starting ventilation | 78 (58–86) | 96 (72–150) | 0.09 |
Lowest PaO2/FIO2 during ventilation | 50 (41–52) | 70 (58–75) | 0.002 |
PEEP at starting ventilation (cmH2O) | 10 (10–11) | 11 (8–14) | 0.48 |
Highest PEEP during ventilation (cmH2O) | 24 (17–30) | 15 (14–19) | 0.015 |
PIP at starting ventilation (cmH2O) | 25 (21–29) | 21 (18–27) | 0.17 |
Highest PIP during ventilation (cmH2O) | 30 (30–34) | 28 (25–30) | 0.10 |
OI at starting ventilation | NA | 16 (3–21) | |
Highest OI during ventilation | NA | 20 (8–27) | |