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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of chronically critically ill (CCI) patients (n = 113) and the subsamples of patients with high (n = 61) vs. low fatigue (n = 52) at 3 months (t2) following the discharge from ICU at acute care hospital
| Characteristic | Patients (n = 113) | High fatigue (n = 61)a | Low fatigue (n = 52)a | U/χ2 (p)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | ||||
| Age, years median (IQR) | 61.1 (55.7–65.6) | 61.5 (56.3–65.6) | 58.7 (54.6–65.5) | 1351.000 (.176)c |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 82 (72.6) | 45 (73.8) | 37 (71.2) | |
| Female | 31 (27.4) | 16 (26.2) | 15 (28.8) | .097 (.756)d |
| Family status, n (%) | ||||
| Single | 10 (8.8) | 5 (8.2) | 5 (9.6) | |
| Married/cohabited | 78 (69.0) | 48 (78.7) | 30 (57.7) | |
| Divorced/living apart | 16 (14.2) | 3 (4.9) | 13 (25.0) | |
| Widowed | 9 (8.0) | 5 (8.2) | 4 (7.7) | 10.594 (.032*)d |
| Partnership | ||||
| Yes | 78 (69.0) | 48 (78.7) | 30 (57.5) | |
| No | 35 (31.0) | 13 (21.3) | 22 (42.3) | 5.788 (.016*)d |
| Education, n (%)e | ||||
| < 10 years | 35 (31.0) | 17 (27.9) | 33 (63.5) | |
| ≥ 10 years | 72 (63.7) | 39 (63.9) | 18 (34.6) | .296 (.587)d |
| Clinical variables | ||||
| Sepsis, n (%) | ||||
| No sepsis | 36 (31.9) | 18 (29.5) | 18 (34.6) | |
| Sepsis | 42 (37.2) | 26 (42.6) | 16 (30.8) | |
| Severe sepsis or septic shock | 35 (31.0) | 17 (27.9) | 18 (34.6) | 1.704 (.427)d |
| Number of sepsis episodes, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1512.500 (.911)d |
| Site of infection, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 56 (49.6) | 32 (52.5) | 24 (46.2) | .446 (.504)d |
| Urinary/genitals | 12 (10.6) | 5 (8.2) | 7 (13.5) | .820 (.365)d |
| Abdominal | 10 (8.8) | 4 (6.6) | 6 (11.5) | .863 (.509)f |
| Bones/soft tissue | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.6) | 2 (3.8) | .410 (.685)f |
| Wound infection | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.9) | .013 (1.000)f |
| Heart | 1 (.9) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | .860 (1.000)f |
| Multiple | 13 (11.5) | 5 (8.2) | 8 (15.4) | 1.425 (.233)d |
| Othersg | 8 (7.1) | 2 (3.3) | 6 (11.5) | 2.911 (.140)f |
| Unknown | 4 (3.5) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.8) | .026 (1.000)f |
| Barthel index, median (IQR) | ||||
| At admission at post-acute ICU | − 200.0 (− 225.0–125.0) | − 185.0 (− 225.0–100.0) | − 200.0 (− 225–128.8) | 1538.500 (.781)c |
| At discharge from post-acute ICU | − 35.0 (− 82.5–7.5) | − 25.0 (− 80.0–35.0) | − 40.0 (− 85.0–0.0) | 1319.500 (.124)c |
| At discharge from rehabilitation hospital | 65.0 (35.0–85.0) | 65.0 (0.0–80.0) | 75.0 (60.0–88.8) | 1226.500 (.038*)c |
| ICU stay, days median (IQR) | 66.0 (49.0–93.5) | 69.0 (46.0–87.0) | 62.0 (49.0–111.5) | 1585.000 (.977)c |
| Mechanical ventilation, days median (IQR) | 47.0 (33.0–70.0) | 45.0 (30.0–71.5) | 50.5 (33.5–69.8) | 1405.500 (.298)c |
| Number of medical comorbidities, median (IQR) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 10.0 (8.0–13.0) | 8.0 (6.3–11.0) | 1098.000 (.005**)c |
| Psychological variables at (post-acute) ICU | ||||
| Perceived fear of dying at ICUh, median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–6.0) | 2.0 (1.0–6.0) | 1.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1375.500 (.321)c |
| Perceived social support according to MSPSSh, median (IQR) | 6.3 (5.4–6.9) | 6.3 (5.4–6.9) | 6.3 (5.8–7.0) | 1448.500 (.425)c |
| Diagnosis of major depression according to SCID Ih, n (%) | 9 (8.0) | 8 (13.1) | 1 (1.9) | 5.023 (.035*)f |
| Diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to SCID I, n (%) | 18 (15.9) | 13 (21.3) | 5 (9.6) | 3.137 (.077)d |
| Prior psychiatric history | ||||
| History of harmful alcohol consumption, n (%) | 22 (19.5) | 12 (19.7) | 10 (19.2) | .003 (.953)d |
| History of anxiety disorders, n (%) | 8 (7.1) | 5 (8.2) | 3 (5.8) | .251 (.724)f |
| History of depressive disorders, n (%) | 23 (20.4) | 11 (18.0) | 12 (23.1) | .441 (.507)d |
| History of psychological disorder, n (%) | 70 (61.9) | 34 (55.7) | 36 (69.2) | 2.168 (.141)d |
