From: How to manage various arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the cardiovascular intensive care
1) Heart failure: HFrEF; HEpEF |
2) Cardiac ischemia: myocardial infarction |
3) Inflammation: pericarditis myocarditis sepsis |
4) Cardiac intervention: after cardiac surgery |
5) Respiratory disorder: COPD |
6) Bradyarrhythmias: sinus node dysfunction, post-PM implantation |
7) Neuro-humoral imbalance: hyperthyroidism, heart failure, dehydration |
8) Drug-induced: cathecolamine, teophylline, cilostazol, etc. |
9) Intoxication: alcohol, CO |
10) Chronic kidney disease (CKD) |