Biochemical |
Hypokalemia |
Renal K wasting |
Decreased intracellular K |
Hypocalcemia |
Impaired parathyroid hormone secretion |
Renal and skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone |
Resistance to vitamin D |
Neuromuscular |
Tetany |
Spontaneous carpal-pedal spasm |
Seizures |
Vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus, athetoid, and choreiform movements |
Muscular weakness, tremor, fasciculation, and wasting |
Psychiatric: depression, psychosis |
Cardiovascular |
Dysrhythmias |
Ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) |
Atrial fibrillation |
Supraventricular tachycardia |
Hypertension |
Vasospasm |
Electrocardiographic changes |
Prolonged QT interval |
Prolonged PR interval |
Wide QRS |
Peaked T waves |
ST depression |
Others |
Acute myocardial infarction |
Acute cerebral ischemia |
Asthma exacerbation |
Preeclampsia |