Table 3 Clinical and biochemical effects of moderate to severe Mg deficiency and hypomagnesemia
Biochemical |
 Hypokalemia |
 Renal K wasting |
 Decreased intracellular K |
 Hypocalcemia |
 Impaired parathyroid hormone secretion |
 Renal and skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone |
 Resistance to vitamin D |
Neuromuscular |
 Tetany |
 Spontaneous carpal-pedal spasm |
 Seizures |
 Vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus, athetoid, and choreiform movements |
 Muscular weakness, tremor, fasciculation, and wasting |
 Psychiatric: depression, psychosis |
Cardiovascular |
 Dysrhythmias |
 Ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) |
 Atrial fibrillation |
 Supraventricular tachycardia |
 Hypertension |
 Vasospasm |
 Electrocardiographic changes |
  Prolonged QT interval |
  Prolonged PR interval |
  Wide QRS |
  Peaked T waves |
  ST depression |
Others |
 Acute myocardial infarction |
 Acute cerebral ischemia |
 Asthma exacerbation |
 Preeclampsia |