Fig. 2

Visualization of neutrophil-induced permeability of confluent TNF-activated HUVEC monolayers and protection by LA-1. Neutrophils from healthy donors were activated by fMLP prior to addition to endothelial monolayers grown on biotinylated type I collagen as described in the “Methods” section. Localized permeability visualized by PE-strepavidin and imaged. a fMLP-activated neutrophils were left untreated, treated with DMSO as vehicle control or 15 μM LA-1. Baseline permeability is shown by the absence of PMNs, and agonist-induced permeability by thrombin are shown as technical controls. b Quantification of collagen exposure as % total area. Values are mean ± SEM from three identical experiments in duplicates. Two-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey analysis, *p < 0.05 LA-1 vs. untreated or DMSO-treated neutrophils