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Table 2 Comparability of the groups after matching

From: Metformin therapy and postoperative atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients after cardiac surgery

Variable

Metformin (n = 114)

Non-metformin (n = 114)

Standardized differences

Demographics

 Age, years (SD)

66.0 (9.2)

66.0 (9.7)

0

 Sex (male)

83 (72.8%)

84 (73.7%)

− 0.02

 Race (white)

113 (99.1%)

114 (100.0%)

− 0.13

 BMI, kg/m2 (SD)

32.73 (6.8)

32.3 (6.3)

0.07

 Alcohol use ≥ 2 drinks per week

7 (6.1%)

4 (3.5%)

0.12

Medical Characteristics

 Hypertension

105 (92.1%)

105 (92.1%)

0

 Dyslipidemia

107 (93.9%)

101 (88.6%)

0.19

 Lung disease

29 (25.4%)

32 (28.1%)

− 0.06

 Peripheral artery disease

11 (9.7%)

11 (9.7%)

0

 Prior heart failure

12 (10.5%)

10 (8.8%)

0.06

 Prior MI

40 (35.1%)

35 (30.7%)

0.09

 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min)

49 (43.0%)

52 (45.6%)

− 0.05

 HbA1C ≥ 9%

16 (14.0%)

17 (14.9%)

− 0.02

 Mitral valve disease/stenosis

55 (48.3%)

51(44.7%)

0.07

Preoperative medications use

 ACE or ARB (within 48 h)

55 (48.3%)

54 (47.4%)

0.02

 ASA (within 5 days)

98 (89.0%)

101 (88.6%)

0.01

 Other anti-platelets

5 (4.4%)

9 (7.9%)

− 0.14

 Lipid lowering agents (within 24 h)

103 (90.4%)

101 (88.6%)

 

 Steroids (within 24 h)

1 (0.9%)

2 (1.8%)

0.06

 Vitamin C

21 (18.4%)

21 (18.4%)

0

 Vitamin E

2 (1.8%)

1(0.9%)

0.08

 Amiodarone

5 (4.4%)

7 (6.1%)

− 0.07

 Magnesium sulfate (inpatient)

3 (2.6%)

3 (2.6%)

0

Postoperative medications use

 ACE or ARB

60 (52.6%)

52 (45.6%)

0.14

 ASA

110 (96.5%)

110 (96.5%)

0

 Other anti-platelets

23 (20.2%)

23 (20.2%)

0

 Beta blocker

104 (91.2%)

106 (93.0%)

− 0.07

Cardiac characteristics

 Active MI (STEMI)

1 (0.9%)

1 (0.9%)

0

 CABG

82 (71.9%)

82 (71.9%)

0

 Valve surgery

53 (46.5%)

54 (47.4%)

− 0.02

 Cross clamp time ≥ 120

19 (16.7%)

13 (11.4%)

0.15

 Explant position, aortic

1 (0.9%)

1 (0.9%)

0

 Intra-aortic balloon pump

12 (10.5%)

12 (10.5%)

0

 Surgery status

  Emergent

2 (1.8%)

2 (1.8%)

0

  Urgent

35 (30.7%)

32 (28.1%)

0.06

  Elective

77 (67.5%)

80 (70.2%)

− 0.06

 Resuscitation

1 (0.9%)

1 (0.9%)

0