From: Metformin therapy and postoperative atrial fibrillation in diabetic patients after cardiac surgery
Variable | Metformin (n = 114) | Non-metformin (n = 114) | Standardized differences |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
 Age, years (SD) | 66.0 (9.2) | 66.0 (9.7) | 0 |
 Sex (male) | 83 (72.8%) | 84 (73.7%) | − 0.02 |
 Race (white) | 113 (99.1%) | 114 (100.0%) | − 0.13 |
 BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 32.73 (6.8) | 32.3 (6.3) | 0.07 |
 Alcohol use ≥ 2 drinks per week | 7 (6.1%) | 4 (3.5%) | 0.12 |
Medical Characteristics | |||
 Hypertension | 105 (92.1%) | 105 (92.1%) | 0 |
 Dyslipidemia | 107 (93.9%) | 101 (88.6%) | 0.19 |
 Lung disease | 29 (25.4%) | 32 (28.1%) | − 0.06 |
 Peripheral artery disease | 11 (9.7%) | 11 (9.7%) | 0 |
 Prior heart failure | 12 (10.5%) | 10 (8.8%) | 0.06 |
 Prior MI | 40 (35.1%) | 35 (30.7%) | 0.09 |
 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min) | 49 (43.0%) | 52 (45.6%) | − 0.05 |
 HbA1C ≥ 9% | 16 (14.0%) | 17 (14.9%) | − 0.02 |
 Mitral valve disease/stenosis | 55 (48.3%) | 51(44.7%) | 0.07 |
Preoperative medications use | |||
 ACE or ARB (within 48 h) | 55 (48.3%) | 54 (47.4%) | 0.02 |
 ASA (within 5 days) | 98 (89.0%) | 101 (88.6%) | 0.01 |
 Other anti-platelets | 5 (4.4%) | 9 (7.9%) | − 0.14 |
 Lipid lowering agents (within 24 h) | 103 (90.4%) | 101 (88.6%) |  |
 Steroids (within 24 h) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0.06 |
 Vitamin C | 21 (18.4%) | 21 (18.4%) | 0 |
 Vitamin E | 2 (1.8%) | 1(0.9%) | 0.08 |
 Amiodarone | 5 (4.4%) | 7 (6.1%) | − 0.07 |
 Magnesium sulfate (inpatient) | 3 (2.6%) | 3 (2.6%) | 0 |
Postoperative medications use | |||
 ACE or ARB | 60 (52.6%) | 52 (45.6%) | 0.14 |
 ASA | 110 (96.5%) | 110 (96.5%) | 0 |
 Other anti-platelets | 23 (20.2%) | 23 (20.2%) | 0 |
 Beta blocker | 104 (91.2%) | 106 (93.0%) | − 0.07 |
Cardiac characteristics | |||
 Active MI (STEMI) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |
 CABG | 82 (71.9%) | 82 (71.9%) | 0 |
 Valve surgery | 53 (46.5%) | 54 (47.4%) | − 0.02 |
 Cross clamp time ≥ 120 | 19 (16.7%) | 13 (11.4%) | 0.15 |
 Explant position, aortic | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |
 Intra-aortic balloon pump | 12 (10.5%) | 12 (10.5%) | 0 |
 Surgery status | |||
  Emergent | 2 (1.8%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0 |
  Urgent | 35 (30.7%) | 32 (28.1%) | 0.06 |
  Elective | 77 (67.5%) | 80 (70.2%) | − 0.06 |
 Resuscitation | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |