Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of the study sample

Age, years

53.0 [42.0, 62.0]

47.0 [41.0, 59.5]

58.0 [47.0, 63.0]

0.056

Male sex

26 (46.4)

21 (60.0)

5 (23.8)

0.013

Underlying mental disorder

51 (91.1)

31 (88.6)

20 (95.2)

0.64

Convulsion

34 (60.7)

25 (71.4)

9 (42.9)

0.049

Lying down for >8 h before admission

43 (76.8)

30 (85.7)

13 (61.9)

0.054

Serum CK level on admission, IU/L

450 [194, 775]

661 [308, 944]

215 [78, 404]

<0.001

Serum creatinine level on admission, mg/dL

0.60 [0.50, 0.70]

0.60 [0.50, 0.70]

0.50 [0.50, 0.70]

0.75

Serum sodium level on admission, mEq/L

110.5 [108.0, 113.3]

110.0 [108.0, 112.5]

111.0 [109.0, 116.0]

0.13

Serum sodium correction rate during first 12 h, mEq/L/h

1.15 [0.74, 1.31]

1.22 [1.11, 1.39]

0.71 [0.61, 0.85]

<0.001

Serum sodium correction rate during first 24 h, mEq/L/h

1.02 [0.63, 1.20]

1.11 [0.97, 1.27]

0.60 [0.50, 0.74]

<0.001

Serum sodium correction rate during first 48 h, mEq/L/h

0.58 [0.54, 0.61]

0.58 [0.56, 0.62]

0.57 [0.51, 0.61]

0.19

Muscle pain

4 (7.1)

4 (11.4)

0 (0.0)

0.29

Peak serum CK, IU/L

5249 [822, 21,003]

10,323 [5775, 35,695]

540 [236, 873]

<0.001

Peak serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.70 [0.60, 0.80]

0.70 [0.60, 0.80]

0.60 [0.50, 0.70]

0.14

Hospital stay, days

9.0 [6.0, 11.0]

11.0 [8.5, 12.5]

5.0 [4.0, 8.0]

<0.001

Acute kidney injury

0.012

 Stage 1

8 (14.3)

8 (22.9)

0 (0.0)

 Stage 2

1 (1.8)

1 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

 Stage 3

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Osmotic demyelination syndrome

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

NA

 Death

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

NA