Tachypnea |
RR >50 breaths per minute (<1 year old) RR >40 breaths per minute (1–4 year old) |
Hypoxemia |
SaO2 <92% (total repair) SaO2 <75% (palliative operation) |
Hypercapnia | PaCO2 >50 mmHg |
Increased work of breathing | Using accessory respiratory muscle |