From: Physiological impact of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on postextubation acute respiratory failure after pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study
Tachypnea
RR >50 breaths per minute (<1 year old)
RR >40 breaths per minute (1–4 year old)
Hypoxemia
SaO2 <92% (total repair)
SaO2 <75% (palliative operation)
Hypercapnia
PaCO2 >50 mmHg
Increased work of breathing
Using accessory respiratory muscle