|
Age (years), median [IQR]
|
68.21 [56.52–77.70]
|
55.84 [49.02–69.52]
|
69.28 [58.07–78.23]
|
74.29 [64.72–79.16]
|
0.027
|
|
Gender (male)
|
68.9%
|
56.5%
|
71.0%
|
72.2%
|
0.848
|
|
Hypertension
|
47.7%
|
27.5%
|
50.8%
|
58.2%
|
0.248
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
18.3%
|
4.3%
|
22.6%
|
17.9%
|
0.380
|
|
COPD
|
14.8%
|
13.0%
|
14.3%
|
19.0%
|
0.313
|
|
CHF
|
6.4%
|
4.3%
|
7.1%
|
6.3%
|
0.804
|
|
Cancer
|
13.6%
|
10.1%
|
13.9%
|
15.2%
|
0.773
|
|
Immunosuppressive state
|
17.8%
|
11.6%
|
19.4%
|
17.7%
|
0.734
|
|
Source of infection
| | | |
0.122
|
|
Intra-abdominal
|
30.9%
|
29.0%
|
31.0%
|
32.9%
| |
|
Lung
|
37.3%
|
52.2%
|
33.3%
|
35.4%
| |
|
Endocarditis
|
0.5%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
1.3%
| |
|
Line related
|
1.5%
|
1.4%
|
2.0%
|
0.0%
| |
|
Urinary tract
|
12.3%
|
8.7%
|
15.5%
|
6.3%
| |
|
Skin and soft infection
|
2.0%
|
0.0%
|
2.0%
|
3.8%
| |
|
Unknown/others
|
15.6%
|
8.7%
|
16.3%%
|
20.3%
| |
|
Leukocytes, median [IQR]
|
13.60 [6.90–21.00]
|
12.6 [5.15–23.55]
|
13.60 [7.00–20.45]
|
15.50 [7.35–21.58]
|
0.441
|
|
Lactate (mg/dl), median [IQR]
|
23.0 [15.0–37.3]
|
[–]
|
26.0 [16.0–41.0]
|
26.0 [17.0–47.0]
|
0.437
|
|
Vasopresors
|
84.3%
|
83.8%
|
85.6%
|
79.7%
|
0.214
|
|
Septic shock
|
85.4%
|
85.5%
|
86.4%
|
82.3%
|
0.366
|
|
APACHE, median [IQR]
|
20 [16–25]
|
16 [12–19]
|
20 [16–27]
|
23 [19–27]
|
0.032
|
|
SOFA, median [IQR]
|
8 [6–10]
|
7 [5–8]
|
9 [7–11]
|
9 [6–11]
|
0.952
|
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
51.1%
|
54.4%
|
49.4%
|
51.9%
|
0.699
|
|
C-reactive protein (mg/l), median [IQR]
|
19.4 [10.30–27.50]
|
18.6 [7.85–25.45]
|
20.4 [10.7–29.20]
|
18.3 [11.05–27.55]
|
0.673
|
|
Procalcitonin (ng/l), median [IQR]
|
10.24 [2.54–30.37]
|
4.11 [1.25–10.91]
|
13.11 [3.31–34.00]
|
13.29 [2.32–41.90]
|
0.749
|
|
Baseline creatinine (mg/dl), median [IQR]
|
0.97 [0.80–1.13]
|
0.88 [0.72–1.00]
|
0.95 [0.80–1.15]
|
1.05 [0.90–1.20]
|
0.022
|
|
Baseline estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), median [IQR]
|
72.50 [58.36–87.86]
|
81.91 [64.79–102.55]
|
72.74 [57.23–86.47]
|
66.18 [53.84–77.55]
|
0.030
|
|
ICU stay (days), median [IQR]
|
4.99 [2.99–11.47]
|
4.99 [1.99–8.48]
|
3.98 [2.99–10.97]
|
9.97 [4.99–17.95]
|
<0.001
|
|
Hospital stay (days), median [IQR]
|
16.95 [10.22–30.92]
|
15.96 [10.97–32.41]
|
15.96 [9.97–28.92]
|
19.94 [13.96–34.90]
|
0.003
|
|
KDIGO AKI stages
| | | |
0.054
|
|
1, n (%)
|
100 (24.7%)
|
–
|
79 (31.3%)
|
21 (26.6%)
| |
|
2, n (%)
|
121 (29.9%)
|
–
|
98 (38.9%)
|
23 (29.1%)
| |
|
3, n (%)
|
110 (27.2)
|
–
|
75 (29.8%)
|
35 (44.3%)
| |
|
Maximal creatinine (mg/dl), median [IQR]
|
2.10 [1.40–3.16]
|
1.00 [0.84–1.10]
|
2.30 [1.70–3.19]
|
2.99 [2.10–4.00]
|
<0.001
|
|
Intra-hospital mortality, n (%)
|
104 (25.7%)
|
7 (10.1%)
|
60 (23.8%)
|
35 (44.3%)
|
<0.001
|
|
90-day mortality, n (%)
|
112 (27.7%)
|
8 (11.6%)
|
64 (25.4%)
|
38 (48.1%)
|
<0.001
|
|
End of follow-up mortality, n (%)
|
190 (46.9%)
|
22 (31.9%)
|
113 (44.8%)
|
53 (67.1%)
|
0.001
|
