Table 1 Summary of four clinical trials evaluating the effects of β-adrenergic blockade therapy in patients with sepsis
From: Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and β-adrenergic blockade therapy for sepsis
Reference number | Generic name of β-blocker | Method of administration | Dose of drug | Duration of therapy | Effects on hemodynamics | Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
61 | Propranolol | Continuous iv infusion | 5 mg for 2–3 h, followed by 5 mg for 6–12 h | 8–15 h | HR↓ Cardiac output↓ Blood pressure↑ Urinary output↑ | 27.3% No control |
65 | Esmolol | Continuous iv infusion | 6–22 mg/min (dose to reduce HR by 20%) | 3 h | HR↓ Cardiac output↓ SVR→ Hepatic blood flow→ | No data |
66 | Metoprolol with milrinone | Enteral administration | 25–47.5 mg/day (target range of 65–95 bpm) | 48 h | HR↓ Cardiac output→ Catecholamine dose↓ SVI↑ | 28-day mortality: 33% |
67 | Esmolol | Continuous iv infusion | Median dose of 100 mg/h (dose to maintain HR from 80 to 94 bpm) | Until ICU discharge or death | HR↓ Cardiac index→ Mean blood pressure→ Norepinephrine dose↓ SVI↑ | 28-day mortality: Control 80.5% Esmolol 49.4% |