Table 1 Study design and baseline characteristics
First author, year (ref no.) | ICU type | Design, sample size | Mean age (years) | Gender Male % | APACHE IIa | Mechanical ventilation % | Excessive alcohol intake | Smoking history | Source of smoking history |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mayer, 2001 [13] | Neurological ICU | Case series n = 5 | 52.6 | 60 | – | – | – | “Heavy” tobacco use | Surrogate n = 1 Not stated n = 4 |
Honisett, 2001 [14] | Surgical ICU | Case report n = 1 | 41 | 100 | – | 100 | “Heavy” drinker | “Heavy” smoker | Not stated |
Seder, 2010 [15] | Neurological ICU | Retrospective cohort NRT = 128 No NRT = 106 | NRT = 50 No NRT = 50 | NRT = 34 No NRT = 33 | NRT = 11.4 ± 7.4 No NRT = 10.7 ± 7.8 | – | NRT = 30% No NRT = 16% | >10 cigarettes/day NRT = 73% No NRT = 47% Pack year historya NRT = 34 ± 29 No NRT = 31 ± 34 | Patient/surrogate reporting |
Cartin-Ceba, 2011 [16] | Medical ICU | Prospective cohort NRT = 174 No NRT = 156 | NRT = 53.8 No NRT = 54.6 | NRT = 60.3 No NRT = 53.2 | APACHE III NRT = 50 (35–65.5) No NRT = 49 (38–62) | NRT = 69 No NRT = 44 | – | Cigarettes/dayb NRT = 20 (10–30) No NRT = 15 (10–20) Pack year historyb NRT = 30 (18–50) No NRT = 23 (10–45) | Patient/surrogate reporting Tobacco assessment protocol |
Gillies, 2012 [18] | Mixed medical/surgical ICU | Retrospective cohort NRT = 73 No NRT = 350 | NRT = 55.5 No NRT = 56.3 | NRT = 64.9 No NRT = 67.4 | NRT = 21.8 ± 15.5 No NRT = 27.2 ± 20.1 | – | NRT = 50% No NRT = 21.7% p < 0.001 | Not reported | Electronic medical records |
Pathak, 2013 [17] | Mixed medical/surgical ICU | RCT double-blind pilot study NRT = 20 No NRT = 20 | NRT = 57.4 No NRT = 52.3 | 67.5 | NRT = 14.3 ± 9.7 No NRT = 13.8 ± 9.4 | NRT = 50 No NRT = 50 | – | Packs/daya NRT = 1.2 ± 0.5 No NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4 Years of smokinga NRT = 24.4 ± 10.2 No NRT = 23.3 ± 10.7 | Self report At time of written consent |