Table 3 Summary of current major protocols of point-of-care ultrasound for undifferentiated shock/cardiac arrest
From: Make it SIMPLE: enhanced shock management by focused cardiac ultrasound
Protocols | Year of publication | Cardiac views | IVC size | Abdominal aorta | Lung scan | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UHP [11] | 2001 | SXP+/−PLX, PSX | No | Yes | No | Simplified version of extended FAST |
Trinity [64] | 2002 | PLX, PSX | No | Yes | Pleural effusion only | Similar to extended FAST |
FATE [65] | 2004 | PLX, PSX, AP4, SXP | No | No | Pleural effusion only | Chronic pathologies included |
BLEEP [66] | 2004 | SXP, PSX | Yes | No | No | Pediatric patients only |
CAUSE [67] | 2007 | 4 views | Yes | Yes | Yes | Cardiac arrest |
FEER [68] | 2007 | SXP, PLX, PSX, AP4 | No | No | No | Integrated into ACLS protocol for cardiac arrest |
BEAT [69] | 2008 | PLX, PSX, AP4, SXP | Yes | No | No | Surgical patients; SV and CI included |
ACES [10] | 2008 | SXP, PLX, AP4 | Yes | Yes | Pleural effusion only | |
RUSH-HIMAP [70] | 2009 | PLX, AP4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
RUSH-pump, pipe, tank [9] | 2010 | PLX, PSX, SXP, AP4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Physiological model of pump, pipe, tank |
FEEL [71] | 2010 | SXP, PLX. AP4 (any one of them) | No | No | Pleural effusion only | Cardiac arrest and peri-arrest state |
EGLS [72] | 2011 | PLX, PSX, AP4, SXP | Yes | No | Yes | Lung scan first approach |
FREE [73] | 2011 | PLX, PSX, AP4, SXP | Yes | No | No | Trauma patients |
FALLS [74] | 2012 | Not specifically mentioned | No | No | Yes | Mainly lung scan |
FAST and RELIABLE [75] | 2012 | PLX, PSX, AP4, SXP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Ectopic pregnancy included |
Volpicelli et al. [76] | 2013 | PLS, SXP, AP4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Similar to RUSH [9] |
Shokoohi et al. [77] | 2015 | SXP, PLX, PSX, AP4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | FAST included |
SIMPLE | 2016 | PLX, PSX, AP4, AP2, SXP | Yes | Yes | No | Easy-to-remember checklist of sonographic findings; intracardiac mass and intimal flap included; can be combined with FAST |