|
Anesthesia
|
↑
|
(−)
|
(+)
| |
| |
↓
|
(+)
|
(+)
|
Low MAP can decrease P
C despite vasodilation.
|
|
Surgery
|
|
Hemorrhage
|
↓
|
(+)
|
Use only when MAP is too low to preserve tissue perfusion.
| |
|
Long-duration
|
↓
|
Restrict crystalloid infusion (e.g., 3 ml kg−1 h−1). If hypovolemia is suspected, repeat crystalloid or colloid bolus (e.g., 4 ml kg−1 over 10–15 min).
|
Use if vasodilation due to inflammation is suspected.
| |
|
Trauma
|
|
Uncontrolled bleeding
|
↓
|
(+)
|
Use only when MAP is too low to preserve tissue perfusion.
|
Avoid full restoration of MAP (≥60 mmHg) because of a risk of bleeding.
|
|
Sepsis
|
|
Early
|
↓
|
(+)
|
Use only when MAP is too low to preserve tissue perfusion.
| |
|
After fluid volume loading
|
↑
|
(−)
|
(+)
| |
