Fig. 2

Intracellular signal transduction of inflammatory receptors in alert cells in SIVA. In SIRS-associated vasculitis (SIVA), vascular endothelial cells have an intracellular signal transduction to activate transcriptional factors through inflammatory receptors. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were activated in alert cells of vascular endothelial cells and lead to produce inflammatory mRNA. TNF-R1 tumor necrosis factor receptor, MyD88 myeloid differentiation factor 88, IRAK interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, TRAF tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor, TAK1 TGF-β-activated kinase 1, JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase, ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, IKK inhibitory κB kinase, NEMO NF-κB essential modulator, I-κB inhibitory-κB, TRADD TNF receptor-associated death domain, FADD Fas-associated death domain, p phosphorylation