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Table 2 Cooling techniques

From: Targeted temperature management for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: current concepts and clinical applications

 

Rapid infusion of ice-cold IV fluid and ice packs

Water-circulating blankets

Air-circulating blankets

Water-circulating gel-coated pads

Intravascular cooling devices

Induction phase

     

 Simpleness

     

  Pre-hospital

â—¯

×

×

×

×

  After hospital arrival

â—¯

â–³

â–³

â–³

×

Specialized devices

Specialized devices

Specialized devices

Specialized devices intravascular catheterization

 Non-invasiveness

â—¯

â—¯

â—¯

â—¯

×

intravascular catheterization

 Cooling rate

×

â—¯

×

â—¯

â—¯

0.32 ± 0.24 Â°C/h

1.33 ± 0.63 Â°C/h

0.18 ± 0.20 Â°C/h

1.04 ± 0.14 Â°C/h

1.46 ± 0.42 Â°C/h

Maintenance phase

     

 Stabilitya

×

×

×

×

â—¯

69.8 ± 37.6 %

50.5 ± 35.9 %

74.1 ± 40.5 %

44.2 ± 33.7 %

3.2 ± 4.8 %

 Convenience

×

â–³

â–³

â—¯

â—¯

Frequent manual exchange

Manual control

Manual control

Automated control

Automated control

 Inexpensiveness

â—¯

â–³

â–³

×

×

Specialized devices

Specialized devices

Specialized devices

Specialized devices

  1. aThe percentage of time the patient’s temperature was out of range more than 0.2 Â°C below or above the target temperature
  2. Reference: [49] Hoedemaekers CW, Ezzahti M, Gerritsen A, van der Hoeven JG. Comparison of cooling methods to induce and maintain normo- and hypothermia in intensive care unit patients: a prospective intervention study. Crit Care 2007; 11: R91