|
Rapid infusion of ice-cold IV fluid and ice packs
|
Water-circulating blankets
|
Air-circulating blankets
|
Water-circulating gel-coated pads
|
Intravascular cooling devices
|
---|
Induction phase
| | | | | |
Simpleness
| | | | | |
Pre-hospital
| ◯ |
×
|
×
|
×
|
×
|
After hospital arrival
| ◯ | △ | △ | △ |
×
|
Specialized devices
|
Specialized devices
|
Specialized devices
|
Specialized devices intravascular catheterization
|
Non-invasiveness
| ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
×
|
intravascular catheterization
|
Cooling rate
|
×
| ◯ |
×
| ◯ | ◯ |
0.32 ± 0.24 °C/h
|
1.33 ± 0.63 °C/h
|
0.18 ± 0.20 °C/h
|
1.04 ± 0.14 °C/h
|
1.46 ± 0.42 °C/h
|
Maintenance phase
| | | | | |
Stabilitya
|
×
|
×
|
×
|
×
| ◯ |
69.8 ± 37.6 %
|
50.5 ± 35.9 %
|
74.1 ± 40.5 %
|
44.2 ± 33.7 %
|
3.2 ± 4.8 %
|
Convenience
|
×
| △ | △ | ◯ | ◯ |
Frequent manual exchange
|
Manual control
|
Manual control
|
Automated control
|
Automated control
|
Inexpensiveness
| ◯ | △ | △ |
×
|
×
|
Specialized devices
|
Specialized devices
|
Specialized devices
|
Specialized devices
|
-
aThe percentage of time the patient’s temperature was out of range more than 0.2 °C below or above the target temperature
- Reference: [49] Hoedemaekers CW, Ezzahti M, Gerritsen A, van der Hoeven JG. Comparison of cooling methods to induce and maintain normo- and hypothermia in intensive care unit patients: a prospective intervention study. Crit Care 2007; 11: R91