Fig. 5

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in plasma and BAL fluid. a Plasma TNF-α concentration increased at early time point after reperfusion and declined thereafter. There was no difference in the plasma TNF-α concentration between the groups. b Concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. BAL was performed 6 h after reperfusion or at the time rats died, between 300 to 359 min after reperfusion. TNF-α in BAL fluid was significantly higher in the adrenaline group than in the saline group. Mean ± standard error of the mean. NS: hepatic ischemia–reperfusion and saline infusion. AD: hepatic ischemia–reperfusion and adrenaline infusion. *P < 0.05 vs. NS group (reproduced with modification with permission of the American Physiological Society [9])