Table 3 Prehospital characteristics

Witness status, n (%)

 Witnessed by bystanders

251

(38.2)

  Family member

135

(20.5)

  Friend

11

(1.7)

  Colleague

9

(1.4)

  Passerby

33

(5.0)

  Others

63

(9.6)

 Witnessed by EMS personnel

72

(11.0)

 Not witnessed

334

(50.8)

Bystander-initiated CPR, n (%)

 Yes

210

(31.9)

  Chest compression—only CPR

167

(25.4)

  Conventional CPR with rescue breathing

43

(6.5)

 No

447

(68.1)

Shock by public-access AEDs, n (%)

3

(0.5)

Dispatcher instructions, n (%)

243

(37.0)

First documented rhythm, n (%)

 VF/pulseless VT

77

(11.6)

 PEA

154

(23.4)

 Asystole

358

(54.5)

 Others

68

(10.4)

Shock by EMS personnel, n (%)

102

(15.5)

Advanced airway management, n (%)

 None

309

(47.0)

 Esophageal obturator airway

195

(29.7)

 Endotracheal intubation

143

(21.8)

 Laryngeal mask airway

10

(1.5)

Intravenous fluid, n (%)

191

(29.1)

Adrenaline administration, n (%)

100

(15.2)

Call to CPR started by EMS, min, mean (SD)

9.8

(6.0)

Call to hospital arrival, min, mean (SD)

32.2

(9.9)