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Table 3 Association between demographic, clinical, and facility characteristics and in-hospital mortality

From: Demographic and clinical risk factors associated with hospital mortality after isolated severe traumatic brain injury: a cohort study

Exposure

Model 1 (RR, 95 % CI)a

Model 2 (RR, 95 % CI)b

Demographic characteristics

  

Age

  

 18–44

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 45–64

1.63 (1.49–1.79)

1.62 (1.40–1.89)

 65–79

2.58 (2.34–2.85)

2.63 (2.23–3.10)

 80+

3.92 (3.54–4.34)

3.84 (3.22–4.58)

Male gender

1.17 (1.09–1.25)

1.12 (1.01–1.25)

Clinical characteristics

  

 Admission hypotension (SBP <90 mmHg)

1.83 (1.61–2.09)

1.71 (1.37–2.13)

 Admission heart rate <60 bpm

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 Admission heart rate 60–100 bpm

0.82 (0.74–0.90)

0.88 (0.75–1.03)

 Admission heart rate >100 bpm

0.88 (0.79–0.97)

0.95 (0.80–1.12)

 Need for mechanical ventilation during hospitalization

4.18 (3.64–4.80)

4.40 (3.72–5.21)

Injury severity

  

 ISS <9

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 ISS 9–15

0.89 (0.67–1.17)

1.33 (0.75–2.37)

 ISS 16+

1.86 (1.41–2.45)

2.92 (1.67–5.12)

Neurologic

  

 GCS 13–15

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 GCS 9–12

1.70 (1.51–1.90)

1.70 (1.43–2.02)

 GCS ≤8

3.06 (2.74–3.43)

3.04 (2.60–3.55)

Facility characteristics

  

University/teaching hospital

1.04 (0.95–1.15)

1.04 (0.91–1.20)

Hospital bed size

  

 Small (<200 beds)

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 Medium (201–400 beds)

1.00 (0.82–1.23)

1.11 (0.87–1.41)

 Large (>400 beds)

1.04 (0.95–1.15)

1.18 (0.92–1.50)

Trauma hospital designation

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

  1. aModel 1 includes trauma designation, teaching status, hospital size, age, gender, admission hypotension, admission GCS, admission ISS, and ventilator requirement during hospitalization
  2. bModel 2 includes all variables in model 1 as well as race, insurance status, hospital profit status, number of neurosurgeons at facility, and facility region