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Table 3 Systematic offering of family presence compared to usual care for families of adult patients undergoing resuscitation

From: The offering of family presence during resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcomes

No. of participants (studies) follow-up

Quality of the evidence (GRADE)

Relative effect (95 % CI)

Anticipated absolute effectsa

Risk with usual care

Risk difference with systematic offering of family presence

Prehospital and emergency department mortality

683 (3 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderatec

OR 0.80 (0.54 to 1.19)

Study population

819 per 1000

36 fewer per 1000 (110 fewer to 24 more)

Mortality at 28 days

570 (1 RCT)

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderatec

OR 1.24 (0.50 to 3.03)

Study population

961 per 1000

7 more per 1000 (36 fewer to 26 more)

Duration of Resuscitation

570 (1 RCT)

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderateb

-

The mean duration of resuscitation in the control group was 30 min

Median 0 higher (0.01 lower to 0.01 higher)

Tine to key intervention assessed with: CT scan (trauma arrest) or first shock (cardiac arrest)

570 (1 RCT)

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderatec

-

The mean time to key intervention in the control group was 18 min

The mean time to key intervention in the intervention group was 3 lower (1.2 lower to 0.85 lower)

Symptoms of anxiety in family members assessed with: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) follow-up: 3 months

330 (2 RCTs) 3 months

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderateb

-

The mean symptoms of anxiety in family members in the control group was 6.19

MD 0.99 lower (1.77 lower to 0.22 lower)

Symptoms of depression in family members assessed with: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) follow-up: 3 months

330 (2 RCTs) 3 months

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderateb

-

The mean symptoms of depression in family members in the control group was 5.16

MD 1 lower (1.78 lower to 0.23 lower)

Symptoms of PTSD (intrusion) assessed with: Impact of Events Scale (IES) follow-up: 3 months

375 (2 RCTs) 3 months

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderateb

-

The mean symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in the control group was 15.01

MD 1 lower (1.96 lower to 0.03 lower)

Symptoms of PTSD (avoidance) assessed with: Impact of Events Scale (IES) follow-up: 3 months

375 (2 RCTs) 3 months

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderateb

-

The mean symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in the control group was 8.26

MD 0.01 lower (1.11 lower to 1.09 higher)

Suicide attempts by family members follow-up: 9 months

465 (1 RCT) 9 months

⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderatec

OR 7.08 (0.39 to 128.79)

Study population

0 per 1000

0 fewer per 1000 (0 fewer to 0 fewer)

  1. CI confidence interval, RCT randomized controlled trial, RR risk ratio, OR odds ratio, CT computed tomography
  2. GRADE working group grades of evidence
  3. High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect
  4. Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different
  5. Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect
  6. Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect
  7. aThe risk in the intervention group (and its 95 % confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95 % CI)
  8. bUnable to precisely estimate mean difference; data reported as median and IQR (presumed skewed data)
  9. cWide confidence intervals crossing the line of no effect
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Journal of Intensive Care

ISSN: 2052-0492