|
Age, mean (SD), years
|
73.24 (15.3)
|
73.35 (16.4)
|
0.275
|
|
Male sex
|
18271 (62.9)
|
203925 (57.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Bystander eyewitness
|
16081 (55.3)
|
121046 (34.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
CPR initiated by bystander
|
13692 (47.1)
|
148974 (42.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
Chest compression
|
13559 (46.9)
|
146701 (41.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Rescue breathing
|
3955 (13.7)
|
45330 (12.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Use of public-access AED
|
292 (1.0)
|
1690 (0.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Intrinsic origin of cardiac arrest
| | | |
|
Cardiac
|
16652 (60.2)
|
183411 (53.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Non cardiac
|
6344 (23.0)
|
90971 (26.7)
|
|
Exogenous origin
|
4646 (16.8)
|
66004 (19.4)
|
|
Primary ECG rhythm
| | | |
|
VF
|
3899 (13.4)
|
24064 (6.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
Non VF
|
25168 (86.6)
|
330680 (93.2)
|
|
Life support by EMS personnel
| | | |
|
Defibrillation
|
5797 (20.0)
|
33236 (9.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Advanced airway management
|
21866 (75.3)
|
160501 (45.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Time, mean (SD), min
| | | |
|
Time from call to CPR initiation
|
9.37 (4.3)
|
9.11 (4.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Time from call to arrival at the hospital
|
37.6 (11.9)
|
31.5 (11.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
EMSs’ CPR duration
|
26.5 (10.1)
|
21.8 (9.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Outcome
| | | |
|
ROSC
|
5088 (17.5)
|
14349 (4.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
1-month survival
|
1448 (5.0)
|
13258 (3.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
CPC 1 or 2
|
339 (1.2)
|
5430 (1.5)
|
<0.001
|
