Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) according to four DIC guidelines

Table 2 Laboratory tests for DIC

	Abnormality in DIC	Other cause for the abnormality	Adequate type of DIC
PT	Prolongation	Liver dysfunction, vitamin K deficiency	OF, BL, MB
FDP, D-dimer	Elevation	Venous thromboembolism, operation	BL, NS, OF
Fibrinogen	Reduction	Liver dysfunction	BL, MB
Platelet count	Reduction	Bone marrow disorders	OF, MB, BL, NS
AT/PC	Reduction	Liver dysfunction, capillary leak syndrome	OF
SF/TAT	Elevation	Venous thromboembolism, operation	OF, NS, BL, MS
TM	Elevation	Renal dysfunction, organ failure	OF
VWFpp, PAI-I	Elevation	Organ failure	OF
ADATMTS13	Reduction	Liver dysfunction, thrombotic microangiopathy	OF
APTT	Biphasic waveform	Infection	OF
PPIC	Elevation	Venous thromboembolism, operation	BL, MB

PT, prothrombin time; FDP, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products; SF, soluble fibrin; AT, antithrombin; PC, protein C; TAT, thrombin AT complex; VWFpp, von Willebrand factor propeptide; PAI-I, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; PPIC, plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex; OF, organ failure type of DIC; BL, bleeding type of DIC; MB, massive bleeding type of DIC; NS, non-symptomatic type of DIC.