From: Evaluation of semi-quantitative scoring of Gram staining or semi-quantitative culture for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a retrospective comparison with quantitative culture
Sensitivity (%)
Specificity (%)
PPV (%)
NPV (%)
PLR
NLR
Kappa (95% CI)
≥2+
96
40
69
88
1.6
0.1
0.4 (0.25–0.54)
≥3+
59
86
85
60
4.2
0.48
0.43 (0.29–0.57)